{
  "version": "1.0",
  "type": "ingredient-guide",
  "slug": "fennel",
  "canonical_url": "https://leafandlarder.com/fennel.html",
  "name": "Fennel Seed",
  "category": "spice",
  "botanical_name": "Foeniculum vulgare",
  "plant_part": "dried fruit",
  "forms": [
    "whole seed",
    "ground"
  ],
  "flavor_profile": [
    "sweet",
    "anise-like",
    "green",
    "warm"
  ],
  "last_reviewed": "2026-08-15",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Foeniculum vulgare",
      "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Foeniculum%20vulgare"
    },
    {
      "title": "U.S. FDA: Spices—Definitions",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-525750-spices-definitions"
    }
  ],
  "decision_notes": {
    "buying": "Choose whole seeds for toasting, steeping, or finishing; choose ground fennel when you want it to disappear into a blend.",
    "preparation": "Toast lightly or crush before using in sausages, breads, curries, pickles, and spice blends."
  },
  "uses": [
    "culinary use"
  ],
  "storage": "Keep tightly sealed, cool, dark, and dry. Whole seed retains aroma longer than ground.",
  "faqs": [
    {
      "question": "What should I check before buying Fennel Seed?",
      "answer": "Check the stated botanical identity or style, the form, and the ingredient list."
    },
    {
      "question": "Is this guide a product offer?",
      "answer": "No. It is culinary editorial information; product availability is separate."
    }
  ],
  "commerce": {
    "status": "not_for_sale",
    "disclosure": "Editorial information, not a product offer or health advice."
  }
}